I am Maria Montessori and I want to Start a School Essay

I am Maria Montessori; I was born in a very small town in Italy named Chiaravalle. This was in the 1870’s, my family was well educated and wealthy, but because I was a girl I could only follow certain traditional expectations for a woman. The most appropriate in my era for a woman, was to become a teacher. However, I have a lot of interest in science and I really want to go to medical school and become a doctor even if I have to break tradition to pursue my dreams. I am very persistent and I know what I want from my future, who I want to be, what I want to do, but because of the status of the woman I need more powerful help. I appealed to Pope Leo XIII to help me get admitted to medical school. My dreams were ambitious and very big†¦show more content†¦Children who attend my school are from poor, working families or off of the streets. No one was giving these children too much credit for success; however these children become avid learners and love to work and study. Watching them develop was a great reward for me. (Theory of Childhood, Carl Mooney 2000) I try to make a comfortable environment in my school similar to a nice home setting. However, we got some obstacles to overcome, the children are not adults, and they need proper size of furniture, and tools because nothing was available we had to make our own. I try to give a child a chance to a comprehensive development: physical, spiritual, cultural, and social development through spontaneous activity. For help them to develop their personal traits. I think we should review our concept as we look at the child. Child is only a small person with their own, independent personality and we should let them develop their own talents, interests, and strengths. My ideas affected the fundamental ways how teachers of Early Childhood Education think about children. They were viewed as very radicle, and as a consequence of, I had to leave Italy when Mussolini was in power in 1934 I left for Holland, and I traveled some to India and I was happy to see my ideas and beliefs were an inspiration and was carried on in early childhood education programs. For all of my work I was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times.Show MoreRelatedMaria Montessori1462 Words   |  6 PagesMaria Montessori Julianne Perry ECE101: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Monica Kelly June 13, 2011 Thesis: Maria Montessori s way of learning is very unique; her theory was for children learn in a natural and parent-supported environment. Outline I. Education of Montessori 1. First woman to receive a Medical Degree in Italy A. Studied psychiatry, education and anthropology. B. Worked, wrote and spoke for children with special needs 2. Many schoolsRead MoreEvaluation Of Teaching : Three Preschool Programs993 Words   |  4 Pagescritique I chose Development Approaches to Teaching: Three Preschool Programs. By Amy Sussna Klein from Earlychildhood News http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=367 Montessori Method there are two branches of Montessori schools the first is the Association Montessori International which was started by the founder Maria Montessori in 1907. The second branch is the American Montessori society started by Nancy Rambush in an attempt to Americanize the Montessori MethodRead MoreSensitive Period to Order - Montessori1167 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION In this assignment I am going to discuss the child’s sensitive period for order. I will explain how it is catered for in the classroom, referring to materials and activities. Sensitive Periods The Sensitive Periods are the best times for a child to learn a specific skill and are critical to the child’s self development. The child has this inner urge to undertake the task in order to live. Although, once this period passes it is possible for the child to learn the new skill but withRead MoreCACHE Level 3, Child care and Education, Unit 176097 Words   |  25 Pagesï » ¿E1: Reggio Emilia In 1945, Loris Malaguzzi founded the first Reggio school. His Reggio education dominated the Italian education that was already in place. The approach of Reggio is community led, this involves everyone in their close community but also those from outside of the close community. Within Reggio, they repeat their ideas and activities, so that the children are able to revisit what they were doing the day before to further their understanding of what they were doing, but also get helpRead MoreSkills Demonstration (Storytelling)2645 Words   |  11 Pages Skills Demonstration (storytelling) Introduction: (1) Aims: The aim of this assignment is to demonstrate and plan a story to read to a group of children aged 2 and half to 4. I chose this age group because this is the group I work with on a daily bases from 9:30 to 12:30 five days a week. I am picking a story called â€Å"Oh Dear† by Rod Campbell who is a Scottish writer and illustrator of several popular childrens books including the classic lift-the-flap board book â€Å"Dear Zoo†. As itRead MoreSkills Demonstration (Storytelling)2656 Words   |  11 Pages Skills Demonstration (storytelling) Introduction: (1) Aims: The aim of this assignment is to demonstrate and plan a story to read to a group of children aged 2 and half to 4. I chose this age group because this is the group I work with on a daily bases from 9:30 to 12:30 five days a week. I am picking a story called â€Å"Oh Dear† by Rod Campbell who is a Scottish writer and illustrator of several popular childrens books including the classic lift-the-flap board book â€Å"Dear Zoo†. As itRead MoreMontessori And Traditional School System3001 Words   |  13 PagesMontessori has a different perspective than the traditional school system because of its approach to treat each person as an individual. The Montessori method is actually a philosophy of education. This philosophy emphasizes the fact that education should go far beyond the acquisition of knowledge, and instead be a practical aid to life and help developing the whole of the human’s personality. In her book â€Å"The Four Planes of Education†, Mar ia Montessori often refers about the unknown potentialRead MoreMontessori: Preparing a Child for the Futur8416 Words   |  34 Pageslife in the larval form, and not through any efforts it may make to imitate another butterfly. We serve the future by protecting the present. The more fully the needs of one period are met, the greater will be the success of the next.† (Maria Montessori) The Montessori environment may be looked at as a small society that is preparing the child for his future. Guiding him towards finding his role in the Universe; that he has a responsibility to nature; and to be respectful to everything in the UniverseRead MorePrivilege : Privilege And Privilege1753 Words   |  8 Pagesevolution, we have come far and we are now starting to accept equality between men and women, white and black and starting to acknowledge heterosexual. Growing up, I never thought of education as a privilege. Now I know how lucky and how blessed I am I had the benefit of a good education at a private school and college. Furthermore I now have the opportunity to study in Melbourne, something hard to do if you do not have the resources. Although education is free in most countries, a lot of childrenRead MoreLessons from Montessori7018 Words   |  29 PagesPresentations in Montessori has two forms, it can be direct presentations and indirect presentations. Direct Presentations has three types: Collective Presentations, Group Presentations and Individual Presentations. 3. Presentations are offered when the child is ready for it, after observing the child at work and we realized that he or she needs help to go further, sometimes you or we will be ask by the child or student, ‘‘Please show me how to work with this†? 4. Dr. Marie Montessori says that

The Effects Of Suicide On Our Society - 3736 Words

The Effects of Suicide On Our Society 3 Introduction: People have been committing suicide since the beginning of time. Suicide is defined as the death of a person, caused by self-directed injurious behavior, with any intent to die as a result of that behavior. A suicide attempt, is a non-fatal, self directed, potentially harmful behavior, with any intent to die as a result. A suicide attempt may or may not result in personal or physical harm. Suicidal ideation is an individual having ideas and considering or planning to end his or her life. Suicide is usually carried out as a result of ultimate despair due to certain mental disorders such as severe depression, schizophrenia, borderline and bipolar personality disorders, alcoholism and or drug abuse. High stress levels and anxiety due to financial difficulties and personal relationships can also be contributing factors of suicide. According to The National Institute of Mental Health, research has shown that the majority of victims of deaths by suicide had been diagnos ed with some type of depressive mental illness. Suicide and suicide attempts have a dramatic impact and take an enormous toll on society. According to recent studies by the Centers for Disease Control, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death among Americans. CDC reports state that last year alone, there are more than 38,000 people who have committed suicide, over one million people have been reported of making a suicide attempts,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Suicide On Our Society2173 Words   |  9 Pages The Effects of Suicide On Our Society People have been committing suicide since the beginning of time. Suicide is defined as the death of a person, caused by self-directed injurious behavior, with any intent to die as a result of that behavior. A suicide attempt, is a non-fatal, self directed, potentially harmful behavior, with any intent to die as a result.. A suicide attempt may or may not result in personal or physical harm. Suicidal ideation is an individual having ideas and consideringRead MoreThesis Statement . The Act Of Suicide Effects Many Individuals1528 Words   |  7 PagesStatement The act of suicide effects many individuals worldwide. The medical definition of suicide is â€Å"the act or an instance of taking one’s own life voluntarily and intentionally† (Turner,1). However, suicide is more than just a medical condition. Emile Durkheim, referred to this state as altruism, which means that an individual’s personality is preserved to be of little value; he called this altruistic suicide (Douglas, 13). On the other hand, there are many types of cause and effect relationships ofRead MoreTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn t It? If You Only Knew?1158 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn’t It? If You Only Knew †¦ According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, suicide is a noun defined as the act of taking your own life because you do not want to continue living. Teenage is a noun defined as relating to people who are between thirteen and nineteen years old (Merriam-Webster). Several factors can lead to a teenager making the decision to commit suicide. When it does happen or an attempt is made, it can be very difficult to pinpoint the reason(s). TeensRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills799 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular, it plays a paramount role in Donna Gaines Teenage Wasteland. It is a tragic story of 4 teens who together, committed suicide. The teens were deemed as â€Å"dropouts, druggies† [Teenage Wasteland 8.2] by newspapers and were still treated with disdain even after their deaths. However, using the sociological imagination, Gaines argues that this is not simply a suicide committed by â€Å"troubled teens† but other underlying themes are presen t. One of the first instances where Gaines incorporatesRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Transgender1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of gender is becoming more and more relevant in our society today. A big issue, however, that no one seems to talk about or realize are the issues of violence and discrimination, specifically towards transgender people. The violence and discrimination targeted towards transgender people and transgender people of color are increasing at an alarming rate. First, we need to differentiate between sex and gender. We often think of sex and gender as being the same or related to each other butRead MoreMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 Pagesteens being the largest group of victims. In the current situation, our economic, social and political decisions are widely being influenced by the invisible hands of money hungry media. According to the Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), the suicide rate is currently the third largest leading causes of death among teenagers, and the numbers are growing day by day. Media’s contribution to this upward trend of suicide may be debatable, but we can’t deny the influence of television commercialsRead MoreThe Suicide Of Canad Teen Suicide1572 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Suicide in Canada In the modern, technological society we live in today, information can be shared instantaneously. This can usually be seen as a positive, by providing much needed information to the public in times of a crisis, or joyous celebrations of achievements. However, in contrast with the positive aspects there are also negative aspects. Cyber bullying of individuals and incessant harassment of individuals online has become a major problem in societies across the world, leadingRead MoreToulmin Model in Relation to Social Media Effects964 Words   |  4 PagesMedia: The Downfall Nisha Abraham Sullivan University ENG 204: Advanced Writing July 11, 2013 Abstract Social Media is affecting our society in a negative way. From being the number one cause of divorce, ruining people’s careers, and being a haven for teen suicides, many misfortunes arise due to social media. People may not notice its damaging side effects yet it is slowly but surely proving detrimental to all involved in the game. By taking a step back and maintaining self-control, any humanRead MoreAssisted Suicide And Its Effects On Society1070 Words   |  5 PagesAngela Kingkittisack Eng 112 Prof. B Walsh April 29, 2016 Assisted Suicide Medical science has greatly evolved in prolonging people’s lives, even those suffering from terminal illnesses. Some people believe that patients should be allowed medical assistance to voluntarily end their lives, when and how they choose. This concept is called assisted suicide; this practice involves helping a person who is helplessly ill to end his or her own life. This issue is a sensitive topic, as medical sciencesRead More Assisted Suicide Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages The right to assisted suicide is an intricate topic posed upon those in the United States and several other countries throughout the world. Assisted suicide proposes a controversy of whether or not a person has a right to solicit death through the help of a licensed physician. This issue has sparked an intense moral controversy. Assisted suicide has become apparent in various places around the world such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Oregon and Washington (Humphry)

Biblical Women in Popular Culture Free Essays

In today’s culture where individualism is emphasized and especially that women are encouraged to assume equal roles as men would normally take, two or three decades ago, it is very difficult to see eye to eye with how women are portrayed in the Bible during biblical times. â€Å"Girl power† or women empowerment is the rule of the day for women nowadays. Although, of course, all women as all men have the right to lead in the sense that they have the same intrinsic capacity to influence, the role of leadership has been blown out of proportion by feminist groups as they apply it to women. We will write a custom essay sample on Biblical Women in Popular Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The result of this over blown leadership role of women has been the constant battle between members of opposite sexes in many significant areas within society. It has affected the homes, government and non-government institutions, down to the smallest entity that has within its membership men and women. The aim of this paper is to draw a comparison between Biblical projection of women (as portrayed in the Bible and the movie â€Å"One Night With The King†) and today’s popular culture’s endeavour to depict the function of women (McMurray, 2007). While at the moment, the common cry of women is equality to both genders as it is reflected in women’s roles in the family, in public places, and the obliteration of the stereotyped designation of females in past decades which until now has its bearing in the minds of the general public the consequent outcome of this campaign is prevalent in almost every area where function is concerned. In the late 1960s, women’s movement began to blossom. It was stirred by the then sentiment of repulsion to the tasks being typecasted among women. Women’s movement of the 60s aimed to question the menial duties relegated to women such as getting married, becoming a housewife and afterwards attending to household chores (including raising children), and when outside opportunity comes for them to work, they’re consigned to answering phones, photocopying, etc (Encarta, 2006). The scenery has been changed and is no longer the same as in the past 30 or 40 years. The typical woman today is one that is among the working class – no longer confined to house premises, but working and providing as much as her male counterparts. She can be the manager or an executive of an established firm where most of the male employees are under her command. Equality in roles has now been achieved. Whereas this status and depiction of women in itself is not outright negative, the undercurrent force that it has created is the programming of the minds of today’s women to be resistant to the biblical description of their role as they are teamed with men. Instead of seeing male and female partnership as complimentary to both sexes, the danger of too much emphasis on equality especially when it is defined merely in domestic and public functions is the threat that masculinity poses to womanhood. It is good for women to fight for their basic equal rights with men as members of this global community, but if it results in certain imbalances because the aim has become the dethronement of the opposite gender, then the battle for equality has now turned into fight for superiority of the female sex. Biblical Women in Biblical Text The movie â€Å"One Night with the King† has successfully showed to modern world the right balance when it comes to understanding the woman’s role. In the film, the first of these lessons on womanhood could be derived from the example of Queen Vashti, King Xerxes’ dethroned Queen. Vashti’s removal as Queen was hastened by her attitude towards her King as she turned down King Xerxes’ request â€Å"to show her beauty to the people and the officials† (Esther 1:11, NKJV The Holy Bible 1982). At the very outset of this biblical narrative, there was already a sort of struggle as to whether the King should be obeyed in whatever demands he make or not. The whole picture of the Persian Kingdom’s celebration included not only King Xerxes’ feasting with people and officials but also Queen Vashti’s party which she arranged for â€Å"the women in the royal palace† (Ibid). In biblical times, kings command absolute obedience to their subjects. They could do everything at whim even the execution of their citizens. However, to what extent should Queen Vashti needed to â€Å"show her beauty to the people† at the King’s bidding, one cannot determine for sure. If it meant the exposure of the beauty of her naked body before the expectant public, it was wise and courageous for her to refuse even if it was a direct violation of the royal protocol. She was submissive to the King until this point of their relationship. Esther, however, as she is the main protagonist in the story, much of the lessons on women can be extracted from her life’s example. The first is her courage to risk her life for others. When she was finally raised to the high position of a Queen, she did not forget but rather remained committed to the preservation and welfare of her people. Until today, this virtue of selfless courage is admired in the world. It is one of the sought after virtues of leadership which unfortunately is lacking in many of those occupying leadership positions. The courage that the life of Esther showed in the story was not independent courage which resulted from a stubborn will. It was a courage constantly tempered by another life, the life of her cousin and mentor, Mordecai. She allowed herself to be constantly advised and influenced by the one who helped her reached her current high position. She remained as humble as she was in spite of the great changes and promotion that happened to her. She did not forget where she came from and did not abandon her people. It was Esther’s submissive attitude that brought her to the high position of being Queen to King Xerxes in stead of Vashti. Contrary to what is being promoted today by our culture, Esther continued living her life (even as Queen) in a responsible manner. It is the dream of many young women today to wade their way through life to reach the point where there will be no one to hold them accountable anymore or have somebody to check them. Example after example of young celebrities have been the focus of media and news headlines that project the common outcry of many which hailed them to be the representations of American dream. Most of these modern-day models are strong-willed, carefree, and want to believe that life can be lived irresponsibly with no accountability. Esther’s example, on the other hand, stands in stark contrast to common perception of women in popular culture. Effects of Non-Biblical Portrayal of Womanhood Because of this non-biblical portrayal of women in our society, a lot of damaged has been inflicted on the minds of the majority of people. For one thing, the current trend of thinking is resistant to the Biblical teachings regarding women. The common minds have been preconditioned to reject and to not understand the Biblical ideals of what females should be. As a result, when femininity is the question, people would rather look to non-biblical sources as authority than the Bible. Non-biblical portrayal of women has pre-programmed people to reject biblical standards. When that happens, society begins to have problems because the standards have become different. Its negative effects include the entertainment of a different kind of criteria by which we look at what qualities should our average women possess. This is reflected in the women’s attempt to pursue what are not beneficial to them, simply because they have adopted rules or guidelines that are to them may put them in better position in this very competitive society. Other things that are currently occurring include the perversion of the role that women play before the eyes of the greater public. Roles that actually begin to evolve and never to bring the women to healthier assessment of themselves but either a view that makes them as simply objects of perversions or whimsical creation of a role that is not only sickening but also in reality, harder than the real, and more biblical portrayal of women. Femininity then, is very important to be defined and assessed according to real thing: the biblical benchmarks. Women will begin to see themselves the way God sees them then. As partners in the fulfilment of God’s grand design and when women start to accept the roles as defined by the bible, they then develop into healthy â€Å"organisms† capable of even settling into times when to be in the background is still very acceptable. Reference: 1. Encarta Dictionary 2006. (DVD) 2. Maxwell, John, 2000. Commentary on Esther. P. 600. The Maxwell Leadership Bible. 3. McMurray, Sheri. â€Å"One night with the King† review. Christian Spotlight. Accessed Sept. 24, 2007. file:///D:/Documents%20and%20Settings/alan/My%20Documents/ESTHER/onenightwiththeking2005. html 3. New King James Version, 2000. Maxwell Leadership Bible. Maxwell Motivation , Inc. (Thomas Nelson Publishing). How to cite Biblical Women in Popular Culture, Papers

The Brotherhoods in the Invisible Man free essay sample

The Brotherhood in the Invisible Man Brotherhoods are associations, usually of men, that unite for common purposes. The members in the brotherhood typically respect one another, defend one another, and cooperate to obtain specific goals. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States, whose goal is to create better employment opportunities for workers. Kappa Sigma and Sigma Chi are two of the largest university fraternities in the country and whose similar values are leadership, service, and scholarship. In the novel, the narrator rarely speaks of his family, except for his grandfather who continues to appear throughout the text, thus there is a large absence of family. Brotherhood is a notion in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, where the narrator joins a brotherhood to create bonds with other men like him. In the novel, the narrator encounters three brotherhoods that prove self-serving organizations that prey on the Black community. The narrator comes into contact with three man-led brotherhoods with very distinct ideologies. The first brotherhood the narrator encounters is led by a West Indian man by the name of Ras, the Exhorter. Ras the Exhorter supports a specific, black-centered worldview. He feels deeply rooted for black segregation and power. Ras believes in returning to his roots as a black man and has a hatred for the white man. Perhaps Ras is modeled off of Marcus Garvey, a political figure of the 1950s who believed in returning to Africa and his roots. Brother Jack, the opposite of Ras, is another leader the narrator meets and joins his Brotherhood. The Brotherhood practices to an ideology based on that of American communist groups in the 1930s. Their ideology is centered on the Marxist theory of history which holds that those of lower social status must submit themselves to the unavoidable class struggles on the path to equality (Marx: Theory of History). The last leader of a brotherhood is led by Rinehart. Rinehart’s brotherhood is not as distinct in political awareness of the community as Ras or Brother Jack, but the clear difference in Rinehart’s brotherhood is appearance or identity. Rinehart represents a conception of identity, the idea that a person’s identity can change completely depending on where one is and with whom one interacts. Brother jack and Ras, the Exhorter tend to have brotherhoods formally organized with platforms, speeches made, and events, whereas Rinehart’s brotherhood is hidden and cannot be easily detected. While adventuring Harlem, the narrator encounters the various personalities that make up the three leaders of the brotherhoods. Ras, the Exhorter is first viewed when the narrator enters the city but becomes a much stronger force once the narrator has joined the Brotherhood and stands in opposition to Ras. Ras is inspiring because he has a message that blacks want to listen to, the unity of race. On the other hand, he is terrifying, because his methods are violent. He is perceived not as a visionary but as a dangerous militant, irrational, ridiculous figure. â€Å"†¦knowing that Ras was not funny, or not only funny, but dangerous as well, wrong but justified, crazy and yet coldly sane†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Invisible Man p. 426). Brother Jack gains the narrator’s trust by being kind and compassionate at first, offering him a ton of opportunities like money, a job, and the chance to represent his community. â€Å"He gave the impression that he understood much and spoke out of knowledge far deeper than appeared on the surface of his words† (p. 223). The narrator is aware of Brother Jack’s strange confidence in following him and addressing him in the restaurant. While eating, Brother Jack buys the narrator dessert and proposes the narrator a chance to join the Brotherhood. There are many strings attached to the benefits that the narrator obtains through working for the Brotherhood. Brother Jack demands that the narrator renounce his past, focus on the collective, and use abstract jargon and ideology in his speeches. â€Å"Our discipline demands therefore that we [Brotherhood] talk to no one and that we avoid situations in which information might be given away unwittingly. So you must put aside your past† (p. 234). The last leader Rinehart does not physically appear in the novel however the narrator learns about his different personas when he disguises himself and is taken to be Rinehart. By wearing dark green shades and a big hat for a disguise, people in the streets recognize him as the man Rinehart. Through their perceptions of him, the narrator sees how Rinehart has taken on the conflicting identities of a lover, hipster, runner, pimp, briber, and Reverend. â€Å"He was a broad man, a man of parts who got around. Rinehart the rounder. † (p. 376). Rinehart appears to be especially devious and deceptive, in reality; he has simply learned to adapt to his environment. Two of the three leaders offer the narrator lifestyles that would help him gain some recognition or benefits like Brother Jack and his brotherhood or Rinehart and the ability of disguise. Ras doesn’t necessarily offer a lifestyle to the narrator, and instead they become fast enemies. The narrator develops different relationships with the leaders of the three brotherhoods. Each of the leaders develops either a friendship or becomes an enemy except Rinehart who is neither to the narrator. Ras is the main black opponent to the Brotherhood whom the narrator has to deal with in Harlem. He calls the narrator a traitor for not militantly supporting his race against the white establishment. â€Å"I ahm no black educated fool who t’inks everything between black mahn and white mahn can be settled with some blahsted lies in some bloody books written by the white mahn in the first place† (p. 284). Throughout the novel, the tension between the narrator and Ras intensifies until Ras wants to kill him. â€Å"Hang him up to teach the black people a lesson, and theer be no more traitors. No more Uncle Toms! Hang him up theer with them blahsted dummies† (p. 421). The narrator develops various relationships with Brother Jack when he joins the Brotherhood. Brother Jack approaches the narrator first as a friend that could be loyal when they first meet in the restaurant. Throughout the novel, the narrator’s relationship shifts from friend-friend, leader-follower, father-son, brother-brother, and finally human-machine with Brother Jack as the former in each of the relationships. The leader-follower relationship is first realized when the narrator analyzes Brother Jack after observing his behavior around the other members. Brother Jack very authoritative, the others always respectful. He must be a powerful man, I thought, not a clown at all† (p. 236). The father-son relationship occurs when the narrator gives his first speech as a new member of the Brotherhood. â€Å"He stood up front beside a microphone, his feet planted solidly on the dirty canvas-covered platform, looking from side to side; his posture dignified and benign, like a bemused father, listening to the performance of his adoring children† (p. 257). Before the narrator is made a member of the Brotherhood, there is a scene where the narrator is surrounded by the members and is initiated into the group. â€Å"I was swept into the large room and introduced by my new name. Everyone smiled and seemed eager to meet me†¦All grasped me warmly by the hand† (p. 236). During this scene, the narrator and Brother Jack are considered brothers, or as equals. The last relationship, human-machine, occurs when Brother Jack uses the narrator to help the brotherhood create destruction in Harlem. Rinehart plays as a disguise for the narrator near the end of the novel, when the narrator is fleeing from Ras and his group. The narrator never truly meets Rinehart, but instead uses Rinehart as a mask to learn more about the community. â€Å"I was both depressed and fascinated. I wanted to know Rinehart and yet, I thought, I’m upset because I don’t have to know him, that simply becoming aware of his existence, being mistaken for him, is enough to convince me that Rinehart is real† (p. 376). At first, the narrator feels that Rinehart’s adaptability in the community enables a kind of freedom, but he quickly realizes that Rinehart’s fluidity also represents a complete loss of individual selfhood. In the end, the liquidity of Rinehart’s identity is one of the forces that compel the narrator to discover his own more solid identity. The narrator rarely truly develops a personal relationship with the leaders of the brotherhood. Only two, Brother Jack and Rinehart offer a small shield of protection or light to temporarily stand in to allow the narrator to express thoughts, however not his true genuine ideas. In the novel Invisible Man, the three brotherhoods devise strategies in manipulating the community to obtain benefits best fit for their organization. Ras, the Exhorter uses the appeal of emotion to help rally people for campaign. The narrator finds this method irrational and annoying because Ras is able to gather up people better than the Brotherhood. â€Å"†¦when I first came to Harlem one of the first things that impressed me was a man making a speech from a ladder. He spoke very violently and with an accent, but he had an enthusiastic audience†¦Why can’t we carry our program to the street the same way† (p. 276). Ras also uses violence to get his point across whereas the Brotherhood uses logic and reason in their approach. The Brotherhood defines history as a force shaped by the peoples will, when actually the Brotherhood defines the peoples will and thereby shapes history. There is a strict hierarchical organization of the Brotherhood, its central committee, is the principal definer and mover of history with the lower committees as puppets or pawns. On the surface, it seems to reflect the peoples desires, but truly it is but a means of asserting the committees power over the people. According to Jack, the narrator was speaking not for his private interests in mind but as a response to what the people wanted. â€Å"At any rate, through our very position in the vanguard we must do and say the things necessary to get the greatest number of the people to move toward what is their own good† (p. 381). Somebody has to provide a scientific understanding of this determining force, however, and such a role is conveniently fulfilled by the Brotherhood itself. Although Rinehart is depicted as a con-artist who takes advantage of the people of Harlem, he does so in such a way as to take advantage of everyone in Harlem. Not just the blacks and not just the whites, by playing on the ideas of what they are able to see and what they remain blind to Rinehart dresses according to their needs or environment. â€Å"Was that also what Rinehart was, a principle of hope for which they gladly paid† (p. 382). The Brotherhood supposedly advocates nonviolence and focuses on integration and cooperation where both whites and blacks will be able to work together for the good of society as a whole, especially the poor and oppressed. In contrast, Rass followers advocate freedom and equality even if it means fighting for these rights. The Brotherhood focuses on issues of both race and class, whereas Rass followers emphasize race as the deciding factor. By the narrator making him blind and invisible in the persona of Rinehart, he is finally able to see the reality of how both whites and blacks on their various sides have been working collectively to keep the black people and culture in their place. Rinehart seems to be a mixture of the concepts of Ras and the Brotherhood, yet Rinehart doesn’t allow for his community to come to destruction at the end of the novel. Although Rinehart stands for chaos, his world is full of fluidity in identity that it can represent possibility.